A Closer Look at Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan Flag

Turkmenistan Formation Date
Turkmenistan declared its independence on October 27, 1991. The current borders of Turkmenistan were officially established in 1924 when the country, then called the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union. The origins of Turkmenistan can be traced back to the reign of the Persian Empire in the region which began in the 6th century BC. The first major Turkic state in the region was the Turkmen Empire, founded in 1867.
Turkmenistan Capital Name
Ashgabat
Turkmenistan Neighbours
Exploring Turkmenistan
Discover the Hidden Gems of Turkmenistan: A Cultural and Geographical Journey
Located in Central Asia, Turkmenistan is a country with a rich history, diverse culture, and breathtaking landscapes. Known for its ancient civilizations, modern developments, and unique traditions, this country has much to offer to curious travelers. In this article, we will delve into the fascinating world of Turkmenistan, exploring its geography, history, government, economy, culture, and more. So buckle up and get ready for an unforgettable journey.Key Takeaways:
- Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia.
- The name "Turkmenistan" comes from the Turkic word "Turkmen" meaning "living Turk".
- The country is known for its natural resources, including natural gas and oil.
- Turkmenistan has a rich history dating back to ancient civilizations.
- The government is a presidential republic with a strong emphasis on authoritarianism.
- The economy is heavily reliant on natural gas exports.
- Turkmenistan has a diverse population with various ethnicities and languages.
- The country has a unique culture with vibrant art, music, festivals, and traditions.
- Turkmenistan's official language is Turkmen and the dominant religion is Islam.
- The education and healthcare systems are still developing in the country.
- Sports such as wrestling and horse racing are popular in Turkmenistan.
- Tourism is growing in the country with its beautiful landscapes and historical sites.
Geography:
Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Iran. It covers an area of 488,100 square kilometers and is the world's 52nd largest country. The country is mostly covered by the Karakum Desert, which makes up about 80% of its land area. However, Turkmenistan also has mountains in the south and east, including the Kopet Dag range. The country is rich in natural resources, with the world's fourth-largest reserves of natural gas and significant deposits of oil. Other resources include sulfur, salt, coal, and gypsum. The Caspian Sea borders Turkmenistan to the west, providing access to important trade routes. Turkmenistan has a continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. The average temperature in the summer months can reach up to 45°C (113°F), while in winter it can drop to -20°C (-4°F). The country experiences very little rainfall, making it one of the driest countries in the world.Origin and History:
The history of Turkmenistan dates back to ancient civilizations such as the Persian Empire and Alexander the Great's conquests. In the Middle Ages, Turkmenistan was part of the Silk Road trade route and was ruled by various empires, including the Mongols and Timurids. In the 19th century, Turkmenistan became part of the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union. It gained independence in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since then, Turkmenistan has been under authoritarian rule with President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow currently in power.Government and Politics:
Turkmenistan is a presidential republic with a strong emphasis on authoritarianism. The president holds executive power and is both head of state and head of government. The country has a one-party system, with the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan being the only legal political party. Turkmenistan is divided into five administrative divisions, known as velayats. Each velayat is further divided into districts and cities. The country has a strict foreign policy and maintains close relationships with neighboring countries, particularly Russia and China.Commerce and Economy:
Turkmenistan's economy is heavily reliant on natural gas exports, which account for over 90% of its export earnings. Other industries include oil, agriculture, and textiles. The country has a closed economy, with limited foreign investment and trade. The official currency of Turkmenistan is the Turkmenistan Manat (TMT). The exchange rate is fixed by the government, making it difficult for foreign companies to do business in the country. However, efforts are being made to diversify the economy and attract more foreign investment.Demographics:
Turkmenistan has a population of approximately 6 million people. The majority of the population is Turkmen (85%), followed by Uzbeks, Russians, and other ethnic groups. The official language is Turkmen, but Russian is also widely spoken. Islam is the dominant religion in Turkmenistan, with about 89% of the population practicing Sunni Islam. The population is relatively young, with a median age of 28 years. However, there is a significant gender imbalance, with more males than females due to high mortality rates among men.Culture:
Turkmenistan has a unique culture influenced by its history and diverse population. The country is known for its beautiful traditional carpets, which are an important part of Turkmen culture. Music and dance are also integral to Turkmen culture, with traditional instruments such as dutar (stringed instrument) and gopuz (lute) being commonly used. Festivals and traditions are an essential part of Turkmen culture, with celebrations for events such as weddings, births, and religious holidays. The most famous festival in Turkmenistan is the Nowruz celebration, which marks the beginning of spring and the New Year.Languages and Religion:
Turkmen is the official language of Turkmenistan, spoken by about 72% of the population. Russian is also widely spoken, especially in urban areas. Other regional languages include Uzbek, Kazakh, and Tatar. Islam is the dominant religion in Turkmenistan, with about 89% of the population practicing Sunni Islam. However, there is also a small Christian minority in the country.Education and Healthcare Systems:
The education system in Turkmenistan is still developing, with a literacy rate of about 99%. The country has a compulsory education system up to the age of 17, and there are several universities and colleges in major cities. The healthcare system in Turkmenistan is also still developing, with limited access to quality healthcare in rural areas. The government has implemented public health initiatives to improve access to healthcare, but there is still room for improvement.Sports and Recreation:
Wrestling and horse racing are popular sports in Turkmenistan, with traditional forms of these sports being practiced throughout the country. The national sport of Turkmenistan is galkynysh (wrestling on horseback), which is a popular event during celebrations and festivals. Outdoor activities such as hiking and camping are also popular among locals and tourists alike. The country's diverse landscape offers many opportunities for outdoor recreation.Tourism:
Tourism in Turkmenistan is still developing, but the country has much to offer to adventurous travelers. Some popular tourist attractions include the ancient city of Merv, the Darvaza gas crater, and the capital city of Ashgabat, known for its grandiose architecture. Important places to visit in Turkmenistan include the National Museum of History and Ethnography, the Independence Monument, and the Kipchak Mosque. The country also offers various activities such as camel trekking, desert camping, and traditional carpet making workshops.Travel Information for Foreign Visitors:
If you're planning a trip to Turkmenistan, there are a few things you should know. First, visitors from most countries require a visa to enter the country. You can obtain a tourist visa from the Turkmen embassy in your home country or upon arrival at Ashgabat International Airport. Health and safety should also be a top priority when traveling to Turkmenistan. It is recommended to get vaccinations for diseases such as hepatitis A and typhoid before your trip. The country has strict laws, and it is essential to follow local customs and etiquette while visiting. The official currency in Turkmenistan is the Turkmenistan Manat (TMT). Credit cards are not widely accepted, so it's best to have cash on hand. Prices in Turkmenistan are relatively low compared to Western countries, with a meal at a local restaurant costing around $5-10 USD.Quotes:
- "Turkmenistan is the pearl of Central Asia." - Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow - "I am not a dictator." - Saparmurat Niyazov - "Turkmenistan - a country of great opportunities." - Saparmurat NiyazovConclusion:
Turkmenistan is a fascinating country with a rich history, diverse culture, and beautiful landscapes. While still relatively unknown to many travelers, this hidden gem has much to offer to those willing to explore. From its ancient civilizations to its modern developments, Turkmenistan is a country full of surprises. With ongoing efforts to diversify the economy and improve infrastructure, the future looks bright for this Central Asian nation. So why not add Turkmenistan to your travel bucket list and experience all it has to offer for yourself?Turkmenistan Highest Point Name
The highest point in Turkmenistan is Mount Ayrybaba, located in the Kopet Dag mountains. It has an elevation of 3,139 meters (10,298 feet) above sea level.
Turkmenistan Capital Longitude
58.371901
Turkmenistan Capital Latitude
39.195738
Turkmenistan Official Languages
The official language of Turkmenistan is Turkmen.
Turkmenistan Ethnic Groups
The population of Turkmenistan is largely composed of ethnic Turkmen, who make up around 88.8% of the population. Other ethnic groups living in the country include Uzbeks (5.5%), Russians (2%), and Kazakhs (2.7%). The remaining population is comprised of various ethnic groups, including Tajiks, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Uzbeks, Tatars, and Ukrainians. The majority of the population speaks Turkic languages, although Russian is also widely spoken. The majority of Turkmen are Sunni Muslims, followed by about 9% who are Shiite Muslims. Other religious groups in the country include Russian Orthodox Christians, Baha'is, and various other religious groups.
Turkmenistan Religions
The primary religious group in Turkmenistan is Muslim with approximately 93% of the population practicing Islam. The majority of Muslims in Turkmenistan practice the Hanafi school of Sunni Islam. Christianity is also practiced in the country with about 5% of the population belonging to the Orthodox Church, the Armenian Apostolic Church, the Roman Catholic Church, and various Protestant denominations. The remaining 2% are mostly non-religious. Traditionally, Islamic practice has been more moderate in Turkmenistan than in some other Muslim countries, often characterized by intellectualism of Sufism and adherence to folk superstitions. The practice of religion is restricted with certain laws and regulations, as well as many restrictions regarding places of worship and proselytizing. The government has fairly strict control over faith-based activities.
Turkmenistan Total Area
Turkmenistan has a total area of 488,100 km2 (188,456 sq mi).
Turkmenistan Land Area
Turkmenistan covers an area of 488,100 square kilometers (188,457 square miles). It is slightly less than three times the size of the U.S. state of California.
Turkmenistan Water Area
The total water area of Turkmenistan is 23,000 km2, or 0.9% of its total land area. The Caspian Sea is Turkmenistan's main body of water, which accounts for roughly 80% of the country's water area. The other major water sources in Turkmenistan are the Amu Darya (Oxus) and the Murghab River.
Turkmenistan Total Population
6,037,049 (as of 2020)
Turkmenistan Currency Name
The currency of Turkmenistan is the Turkmenistan Manat.
Turkmenistan Currency Code
TMT
Turkmenistan Currency Symbol
TMT
Turkmenistan Time Zones
- Standard Time: UTC+05:00
- Daylight Saving Time: UTC+05:30
Turkmenistan has two time zones: UTC+5 and UTC+5:30. The first is the standard time zone, and is the same as that of Bangladesh. The second is daylight saving time, which is UTC+5:30, and is the same as India. Daylight Saving Time begins in Turkmenistan at midnight on the last Sunday of March, when clocks are shifted forward one hour to midnight UTC+5:30. At midnight on the last Sunday of October, daylight saving time ends and clocks are moved back one hour to midnight UTC+5.
Turkmenistan Calling Code
The Turkmenistan country calling code is 993. To call a telephone number in Turkmenistan, dial the following: +993 (area code) (local subscriber number). For example, to call a phone number in Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan, dial +993 (12) xxx-xxxx
Turkmenistan Internet TLD
www.aveholidays.tm
How to Say "Turkmenistan" In Different Languages?
- Arabic
- تركمانستان (ar-AE)
- German
- Turkmenistan (de-AT)
- Czech
- Turkmenistán (cs-CZ)
- French
- Turkménistan (fr-FR)
- German
- Turkmenistan (de-DE)
- Greek
- Τουρκμενιστάν (el-GR)
- Hungarian
- Türkmenisztán (hu-HU)
- Hindi
- तुर्कमेनिस्तान (hi-IN)
- Italian
- Turkmenistan (it-IT)
- Japanese
- トルクメニスタン (ja-JP)
- Korean
- 투르크메니스탄 (ko-KR)
- Spanish
- Turkmenistán (es-MX)
- Polish
- Turkmenistan (pl-PL)
- Romanian
- Turkmenistan (ro-RO)
- Russian
- Туркмения (ru-RU)
- Mandarin
- 土库曼斯坦 (zh-Hant-TW)
- Thai
- ประเทศเติร์กเมนิสถาน (th-TH)
- Turkish
- Türkmenistan (tr-TR)
- Ukrainian
- Туркменістан (uk-UA)
- Vietnamese
- Tuỵcmenistan (vi-VN)
Turkmenistan Popular Holidays
- Carpet Week
- 1 - 7 May
- Oraza Bayramy (Eid-ul-Fitr)
- 30 June - 1 July (dependent on the lunar calendar) (1 - 3 July (dependent on the lunar calendar))
- Gurban Bayramy (Eid-ul-Adha)
- 6 - 10 August (dependent on the lunar calendar)
- New Year's Day
- 1 January
- World Cancer Day
- 4 February
- World Radio Day
- 13 February
- Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Political Repression
- 24 February
- World Wildlife Day
- 3 March
- International Women's Day
- 8 March
- World Toshekhana (Cool House) Day
- 9 March
- Gurtly Halk (Earth Day)
- 21 March
- World Water Day
- 22 March
- World Health Day
- 7 April
- World Health Organization (WHO) Day
- 7 April
- World Health Day
- 7 April
- World Planting Day
- 8 April
- Andal Purim
- 9 April
- Approval Day
- 10 April
- National Revival Day
- 17 April
- Mountaineering Day
- 21 April
- Day of Workers of Turkmen Education System
- 21 April
- World Book and Copyright Day
- 23 April
- World Intellectual Property Day
- 26 April
- World Day for Safety and Health at Work
- 28 April
- International Jazz Day
- 30 April
- International Flower's Day
- 1 May
- World Red Crescent and Red Cross Day
- 8 May
- Turkmen Carpet Day
- 11 May
- Vaisakhi
- 13 May
- International Day of Families
- 15 May
- Game of Goats
- 17 May
- Day of the Bible and the Constitution of Turkmenistan
- 18 May
- Festivals of Berkarar (Well-Being)
- 19 May
- International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers
- 29 May
- Victory Day
- 30 May
- World Environment Day
- 5 June
- World Ocean Day
- 8 June
- World Ophthalmologic Day
- 8 June
- World Day Against Child Labour
- 12 June
- World Arts Day
- 15 June
- Independence Day
- 18 June
- Day of Motherland Defenders
- 19 June
- Flag Day
- 19 June
- World Emigrants Day
- 20 June
- Day of the First President
- 20 June
- Day of Turkmen Oil and Gas Workers
- 6 August
- Military Glory Day
- 17 August
- World Humanitarian Day
- 19 August
- World Photo Day
- 19 August
- Gifts of the Earth (Gift of Water) Day
- 29 August
- International Literacy Day
- 8 September
- International Day of Democracy
- 15 September
- International Day of Peace
- 21 September
- World Tourism Day
- 27 September
- World Heart Day
- 29 September
- Fitness Day
- 1 October
- Teachers' Day
- 1 October
- World Federation Day
- 2 October
- World Sight Day
- 13 October
- International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
- 17 October
- International Day for Poverty Eradication
- 17 October
- World Science Day for Peace and Development
- 10 November
- International Student's Day
- 17 November
- Universal Children's Day
- 20 November
- World Children's Day
- 20 November
- World AIDS Day
- 1 December
- International Day of Persons with Disabilities
- 3 December
- International Day of Persons with Disabilities
- 3 December
- Day of Neutrality of Turkmenistan
- 12 December
- International Criminal Justice Day
- 17 December
- World Migration Day
- 18 December
- International Migrants Day
- 18 December
- Constitution Day
- 27 December